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Teresa Magbanua
Teresa Magbanua, dubbed the "Visayan Joan of Arc" (October 13, 1868 - August 1947), from Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, was a schoolteacher and military leader. She retired from education and became a housewife shortly after her marriage to Alejandro Balderas, a wealthy landowner from Sara, Iloilo.〔 When the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire broke out, she became one of only a few women to join the Panay-based Visayan arm of the Katipunan, the initially secret revolutionary society head by Andrés Bonifacio.
Despite opposition from her husband, Magbanua followed her two younger brothers and took up arms against the Spanish,〔 leading troops into combat and winning several battles under the command of General Martin Delgado.〔 Magbanua is credited as the only woman to lead troops in the Visayan region during the Revolution.〔 Shortly thereafter, Magbanua shifted to fighting American colonial forces during the Philippine–American War.〔 In her later life, she provided supplies to guerrilla fighters in the resistance movement against the Japanese Occupation during the Second World War.〔 Magbanua died a widow aged 78 in Mindanao.〔
== Early life ==
Magbanua's date of birth is variously reported as 13 October 1863,〔 13 October, 1868,〔 or 4 November 1871. She was born in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, to affluent parents. ''Don'' Juan Magbanua, a judge, sat on the Court of First Instance in Iloilo City, while Doña Alejandra Ferraris was the daughter of Captain Benito Ferraris. Teresa was the Magbanua's second child, joining her sisters María and Paz, and younger brothers Manuel, Pascual and Elias. Magbanua was recorded to have been a precocious child, remembered by one of her sisters as a "dynamic personality, restless, and unafraid of any man".〔
Magbanua studied teaching in college, first at the Colegio de San José in Jaro, Iloilo, and later in Manila, where she studied at three different girls' schools: Colegio de Santa Rosa (1894), Santa Catalina College (1886), and Colegio de Doña Cecilia.〔 She earned a teaching certificate at Colegio de Doña Cecilia in 1894 and a master's degree soon after from the University of Santo Tomás.〔 She then returned home to Pototan and began teaching, where her students knew her as a disciplinarian. After four years of teaching in Pototan, Magbanua moved north to Sara, Iloilo, and became a schoolteacher there, meeting Marcial Higoy whom she married in 1898. Balderas was a wealthy landowner, and after she married, Magbanua quit her teaching job and became a housewife. While working on her husband's lands, Magbanua learned how to shoot a pistol and ride a horse. Her horseback skills improved to the point that she would ride on horseback from Sara to her hometown of Pototan, a distance over rugged terrain.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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